Optimal Strouhal number for swimming animals
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship for vortex streets.
A rationale for the empirically observed Strouhal-Reynolds number relation for vortex shedding in the wake of a cylinder is provided. This rationale derives from a mechanism of vortex formation observed in numerical simulations of two-dimensional vortex shedding coupled with an order of magnitude estimate of the terms in the vorticity transport equation based on this mechanism.
متن کاملHow body torque and Strouhal number change with swimming speed and developmental stage in larval zebrafish.
Small undulatory swimmers such as larval zebrafish experience both inertial and viscous forces, the relative importance of which is indicated by the Reynolds number (Re). Re is proportional to swimming speed (vswim) and body length; faster swimming reduces the relative effect of viscous forces. Compared with adults, larval fish experience relatively high (mainly viscous) drag during cyclic swim...
متن کاملStrouhal numbers and optimization of swimming by odontocete cetaceans.
Swimming efficiencies of fish and cetaceans have been related to a certain synchrony between stroke cycle frequency, peak-to-peak tail/fluke amplitude and mean swimming speed. These kinematic parameters form a non-dimensional wake parameter, referred to as a Strouhal number, which for the range between 0.20 and 0.40 has been associated with enhanced swimming efficiency for fish and cetaceans. Y...
متن کاملSupplementary Material: How body torque and Strouhal number change with swimming speed and developmental stage in larval zebrafish
cdynp,i; cfric,i constants used to estimate the external torque per unit length on the body due to dynamic pressure and skin friction CoM centre of mass of the body; the centre of mass of a body segment is indicated as the segmental CoM. dpf days post fertilization Ekin,body total kinetic energy of the body ML2T−2 Ekin,int ‘internal’ kinetic energy of the body ML2T−2 Etr,CoM kinetic energy due ...
متن کاملStructure-based interpretation of the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship.
The wake in the flow past a circular cylinder has posed a long-standing challenge to scientists since the late 19th century. Many aspects of this seemingly simple phenomenon remain unexplained. Of particular interest is the relationship between the dimensionless vortex shedding frequency (the Strouhal number St) and the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in the fluid (the Reynolds number Re). ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Fluids and Structures
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0889-9746
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2012.02.008